Filing for Unemployment

Losing a federal job can be a stressful experience, but knowing how to file for unemployment benefits can help ease the financial burden while you transition to new employment. While the process is similar to that of private-sector employees, there are unique aspects federal workers need to be aware of when applying for unemployment compensation.

1. Eligibility for Unemployment Benefits

Federal employees who lose their jobs due to a layoff, furlough, illegal termination, or downsizing may be eligible for unemployment benefits. However, eligibility depends on several factors, including:

• Losing your job through no fault of your own (e.g., agency downsizing, government shutdowns).

• Meeting your state's work and wage requirements during the base period (usually the past 12-18 months).

• Being able and available for work and actively seeking new employment.

• If you were fired for misconduct or resigned voluntarily, you may not qualify unless you can prove you had a compelling reason for quitting (such as unsafe working conditions).

  
  

2. Where to File for Unemployment Benefits

Unlike private-sector employees who file in the state where they worked, federal employees file for unemployment in the state where they last worked, not necessarily where they live. Each state administers its own unemployment insurance (UI) program, so you will need to follow that state’s procedures.

To start your claim, visit your state’s unemployment website or office. Be prepared to provide personal and employment information, including your Social Security number, job details, SF-50, and/or SF-8.

3. Federal Unemployment Compensation (UCFE Program)

Federal employees receive unemployment benefits through the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program, which is administered by state unemployment agencies. Your benefits will be based on wages earned during your federal employment, as reported on a Standard Form 8 (SF-8) or Standard Form 50 (SF-50). If you did not receive these forms, your agency’s HR department can provide them. However, your state unemployment office can also verify your employment with the federal government.

4. Benefit Amounts and Duration

The amount of unemployment benefits you receive depends on your earnings during your base period and the state’s benefit calculations. Most states pay benefits for up to 26 weeks, though this can vary. During periods of high unemployment, extended benefits (EB) or federal unemployment programs may be available.

5. Government Shutdowns and Furloughs

If you are furloughed due to a government shutdown, you may still be eligible for unemployment benefits. However, if Congress later approves back pay for furloughed employees, you will likely have to repay any unemployment benefits received during that time.

6. Job Search Requirements

Most states require you to actively search for work while collecting unemployment. This may include applying for jobs, attending job fairs, or registering with a state employment agency. Some states may waive job search requirements during temporary furloughs.

For a list of each state's unemployment filing website, see below.